تويت
Ur was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Arabic Gulf, Ur is now well inland, south of the Euphrates on its right bank, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nasiriyah.
The city's patron deity was Nanna, the Sumerian moon god, and the name of the city is in origin derived from the god's name.
There are two main sources which inform scholars about the importance of Ur during the Early Bronze Age. The first are a large variety of textual sources. The largest body of cuneiform ********s from these early periods date to the empire of the so-called Third Dynasty of Ur at the very end of the third millennium, which was the most centralized bureaucratic state the world had ever known. The most important ******** informing us about the preceding centuries is the Sumerian King List. Although this text is not a reliable historical account but needs to be interpreted within a context of political propaganda, it has nevertheless been used to provide a tentative political history of ancient Sumer. In this list of dynasties the city of Ur appears three times (hence the Third Dynasty of Ur), which might be an indication of its political power during the third millennium.
The second source of information confirms the Sumerian King List to a limited degree. Archaeological work in Iraq has made major discoveries and has led to crucial insights about the ancient world of Mesopotamia throughout history. Although the early periods (first half of the third millennium and earlier) are still poorly understood as a result of the immense overlaying deposits of human occupation from the following millennia, the archaeological discoveries at Ur have shown unequivocally that it was a major urban center on the Mesopotamian plain.Especially the discovery of the Royal Tombs have confirmed its splendor. These tombs, which date to the Early Dynastic III a period (approximately in the 25th or 24th century BC), contained immense amounts of luxury items made out of precious ****ls, and semi-precious stones all of which would have had to been imported from long distances (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, the Arabic Gulf)[7]. This up to then unparalleled wealth is a testimony of Ur's economic importance during the Early Bronze Age[8]. Archaeological research of the region has also contributed greatly to our understanding of the landscape and long distance interactions that took place during these ancient times. We know that the Persian Gulf came much more inland and that Ur was the most important port on the coast. All the wealth which came from the east over sea had to pass through Ur.
The city's patron deity was Nanna, the Sumerian moon god, and the name of the city is in origin derived from the god's name.
There are two main sources which inform scholars about the importance of Ur during the Early Bronze Age. The first are a large variety of textual sources. The largest body of cuneiform ********s from these early periods date to the empire of the so-called Third Dynasty of Ur at the very end of the third millennium, which was the most centralized bureaucratic state the world had ever known. The most important ******** informing us about the preceding centuries is the Sumerian King List. Although this text is not a reliable historical account but needs to be interpreted within a context of political propaganda, it has nevertheless been used to provide a tentative political history of ancient Sumer. In this list of dynasties the city of Ur appears three times (hence the Third Dynasty of Ur), which might be an indication of its political power during the third millennium.
The second source of information confirms the Sumerian King List to a limited degree. Archaeological work in Iraq has made major discoveries and has led to crucial insights about the ancient world of Mesopotamia throughout history. Although the early periods (first half of the third millennium and earlier) are still poorly understood as a result of the immense overlaying deposits of human occupation from the following millennia, the archaeological discoveries at Ur have shown unequivocally that it was a major urban center on the Mesopotamian plain.Especially the discovery of the Royal Tombs have confirmed its splendor. These tombs, which date to the Early Dynastic III a period (approximately in the 25th or 24th century BC), contained immense amounts of luxury items made out of precious ****ls, and semi-precious stones all of which would have had to been imported from long distances (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, the Arabic Gulf)[7]. This up to then unparalleled wealth is a testimony of Ur's economic importance during the Early Bronze Age[8]. Archaeological research of the region has also contributed greatly to our understanding of the landscape and long distance interactions that took place during these ancient times. We know that the Persian Gulf came much more inland and that Ur was the most important port on the coast. All the wealth which came from the east over sea had to pass through Ur.