تويت
The Upbringing of Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him):
He is the seventh of the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), of lofty rank and great stature, devoted to worship, renowned for miracles, one who restrained his anger and forgave people, the righteous servant of God, and the Gate of Needs to Allah, as he is widely known among the people of Iraq.
His Father:
He was the sixth of the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family): Abū ʿAbd Allāh Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq, the miracle of Islam and the pride of humanity throughout the ages and generations. The world has not known anyone like him in virtue, nobility, knowledge, and perfection.
His Mother:
The mother of Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him) was among those women who had been brought to the markets of Yathrib. Allah favored her with distinction and honored her with nobility, so she became a vessel for the Imamate and dignity. Abū ʿAbd Allāh married her, and she became among his most honored and beloved wives, and the most preferred in his regard. Historians differed greatly concerning her lineage: it was said she was Andalusian and known as Luʾluʾa; it was said she was Roman; and it was also said she belonged to one of the noblest non-Arab households. Lady Ḥamīda was treated with generosity in her home and was held in high esteem by all the women of the Prophet’s family. Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) bestowed upon her abundant kindness and recognized in her sound intellect, perfection, and strong faith. He praised her highly, saying:
“Ḥamīda is purified from all impurities like a bar of gold. Angels continued to guard her until she was delivered to me as an honor from Allah and for the Proof after me…”
Imam al-Ṣādiq nurtured her with his knowledge until she became among the foremost women of her time in learning, piety, and faith. He entrusted her with educating Muslim women and teaching them religious rulings. She was most deserving of this rank and was among the most illustrious women of her era in chastity, jurisprudence, and perfection.
The Blessed Birth:
Time passed after the Imam’s marriage to her, and Imam Abū ʿAbd Allāh traveled to the Sacred House of Allah to perform the pilgrimage, taking her with him. After completing the rites, they returned to Yathrib. When they reached al-Abwāʾ, Ḥamīda felt the pains of childbirth and sent word to the Imam, for he had instructed her not to precede him in matters concerning his newborn. Abū ʿAbd Allāh was having lunch with a group of his companions when the joyful news reached him. He rose immediately and went to her, and shortly thereafter Ḥamīda gave birth to a master among the masters of the Muslims and an Imam from among the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).
The world was illuminated by this blessed newborn, for none born in his era was more auspicious, nor more beneficial and gracious to Islam than him. He was born the most righteous of people, the most compassionate toward the poor, the most enduring of hardship in the path of Allah, and the greatest of them in worship and fear of God.
Imam Abū ʿAbd Allāh took his newborn and performed the prescribed rites of birth, calling the adhān in his right ear and the iqāma in his left. He then returned to his companions with a smile upon his face. They said to him: “May Allah gladden you and may we be your ransom, O our master—how is Ḥamīda?” He gave them glad tidings of his blessed son and informed them of his great status, saying:
“Allah has granted me a son, and he is the best of what Allah has created.”
Indeed, he was the best of Allah’s creation in knowledge, piety, righteousness, scrupulousness in religion. The Imam informed his companions that his newborn was among the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), whose obedience Allah had made obligatory upon His servants, saying:
“Here he is—by Allah, he is your leader.”
His birth was in the year 128 AH, and it is also said 129 AH, during the reign of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān.
Love and Honor:
Imam Mūsā spent part of his childhood in comfort and care, welcomed with honor and reverence. His father showered him with abundant affection, and the masses of Muslims received him with care and respect. Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) preferred him over his other children and showed him a love he showed no other. Among the signs of his affection was that he granted him a piece of land known as al-Basriyya, which he had purchased for twenty-six thousand dinars.
Imam Mūsā spoke as a child with words that amazed his father, who exclaimed:
“Praise be to Allah who has made you a successor to the fathers, a joy to the sons, and a compensation for friends.”
His De******ion:
He was dark-complexioned, intensely so, of medium height, with a thick beard. Shaqīq al-Balkhī described him as having a handsome face, very dark complexion, and a slender body. In his dignity, Imam Mūsā resembled the dignity of the prophets, and in his features appeared the marks of the pure Imams from among his forefathers. None saw him except that he revered and esteemed him.
In******ion on His Ring:
“The sovereignty belongs to Allah alone.”
His Kunyas:
Abū al-Ḥasan al-Awwal, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Māḍī, Abū Ibrāhīm, Abū ʿAlī, Abū Ismāʿīl.
His Titles:
His titles reflect aspects of his personality and facets of his greatness, among them:
He is the seventh of the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), of lofty rank and great stature, devoted to worship, renowned for miracles, one who restrained his anger and forgave people, the righteous servant of God, and the Gate of Needs to Allah, as he is widely known among the people of Iraq.
His Father:
He was the sixth of the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family): Abū ʿAbd Allāh Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq, the miracle of Islam and the pride of humanity throughout the ages and generations. The world has not known anyone like him in virtue, nobility, knowledge, and perfection.
His Mother:
The mother of Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him) was among those women who had been brought to the markets of Yathrib. Allah favored her with distinction and honored her with nobility, so she became a vessel for the Imamate and dignity. Abū ʿAbd Allāh married her, and she became among his most honored and beloved wives, and the most preferred in his regard. Historians differed greatly concerning her lineage: it was said she was Andalusian and known as Luʾluʾa; it was said she was Roman; and it was also said she belonged to one of the noblest non-Arab households. Lady Ḥamīda was treated with generosity in her home and was held in high esteem by all the women of the Prophet’s family. Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) bestowed upon her abundant kindness and recognized in her sound intellect, perfection, and strong faith. He praised her highly, saying:
“Ḥamīda is purified from all impurities like a bar of gold. Angels continued to guard her until she was delivered to me as an honor from Allah and for the Proof after me…”
Imam al-Ṣādiq nurtured her with his knowledge until she became among the foremost women of her time in learning, piety, and faith. He entrusted her with educating Muslim women and teaching them religious rulings. She was most deserving of this rank and was among the most illustrious women of her era in chastity, jurisprudence, and perfection.
The Blessed Birth:
Time passed after the Imam’s marriage to her, and Imam Abū ʿAbd Allāh traveled to the Sacred House of Allah to perform the pilgrimage, taking her with him. After completing the rites, they returned to Yathrib. When they reached al-Abwāʾ, Ḥamīda felt the pains of childbirth and sent word to the Imam, for he had instructed her not to precede him in matters concerning his newborn. Abū ʿAbd Allāh was having lunch with a group of his companions when the joyful news reached him. He rose immediately and went to her, and shortly thereafter Ḥamīda gave birth to a master among the masters of the Muslims and an Imam from among the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).
The world was illuminated by this blessed newborn, for none born in his era was more auspicious, nor more beneficial and gracious to Islam than him. He was born the most righteous of people, the most compassionate toward the poor, the most enduring of hardship in the path of Allah, and the greatest of them in worship and fear of God.
Imam Abū ʿAbd Allāh took his newborn and performed the prescribed rites of birth, calling the adhān in his right ear and the iqāma in his left. He then returned to his companions with a smile upon his face. They said to him: “May Allah gladden you and may we be your ransom, O our master—how is Ḥamīda?” He gave them glad tidings of his blessed son and informed them of his great status, saying:
“Allah has granted me a son, and he is the best of what Allah has created.”
Indeed, he was the best of Allah’s creation in knowledge, piety, righteousness, scrupulousness in religion. The Imam informed his companions that his newborn was among the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), whose obedience Allah had made obligatory upon His servants, saying:
“Here he is—by Allah, he is your leader.”
His birth was in the year 128 AH, and it is also said 129 AH, during the reign of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān.
Love and Honor:
Imam Mūsā spent part of his childhood in comfort and care, welcomed with honor and reverence. His father showered him with abundant affection, and the masses of Muslims received him with care and respect. Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) preferred him over his other children and showed him a love he showed no other. Among the signs of his affection was that he granted him a piece of land known as al-Basriyya, which he had purchased for twenty-six thousand dinars.
Imam Mūsā spoke as a child with words that amazed his father, who exclaimed:
“Praise be to Allah who has made you a successor to the fathers, a joy to the sons, and a compensation for friends.”
His De******ion:
He was dark-complexioned, intensely so, of medium height, with a thick beard. Shaqīq al-Balkhī described him as having a handsome face, very dark complexion, and a slender body. In his dignity, Imam Mūsā resembled the dignity of the prophets, and in his features appeared the marks of the pure Imams from among his forefathers. None saw him except that he revered and esteemed him.
In******ion on His Ring:
“The sovereignty belongs to Allah alone.”
His Kunyas:
Abū al-Ḥasan al-Awwal, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Māḍī, Abū Ibrāhīm, Abū ʿAlī, Abū Ismāʿīl.
His Titles:
His titles reflect aspects of his personality and facets of his greatness, among them:
- Al-Ṣābir (The Patient): for his endurance of the pains and trials inflicted by unjust rulers.
- Al-Zāhir (The Radiant): for the brilliance of his noble character and generosity, reflecting the morals of his grandfather, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family).
- Al-ʿAbd al-Ṣāliḥ (The Righteous Servant): for his devotion and diligence in worship, until he became exemplary in worship throughout the ages; narrators would say, “The righteous servant narrated to me.”
- Al-Sayyid (The Master): for he was among the masters of the Muslims and an Imam among their Imams.
- Al-Wafī (The Loyal): for he was the most loyal person of his time, loyal to his brothers, his followers, and even to his enemies.
- Al-Amīn (The Trustworthy): embodying every meaning of trustworthiness in religious and communal matters, earning the trust of all people.
- Al-Kāẓim (The One Who Restrains Anger): for restraining his anger against the ظلم inflicted upon him until he died a poisoned martyr in the darkness of prisons, responding with gratitude and praise to Allah. Ibn al-Athīr said: “He was known by this title for his patience, gentleness of character, and repelling evil with goodness.”
- Dhū al-Nafs al-Zakiyya (The Pure Soul): for the purity of his being, untouched by the sins or impurities of worldly life.
- Bāb al-Ḥawāʾij (The Gate of Needs): the most famous of his titles, widely known among the public and elite alike. Whoever sought him in distress found relief by Allah’s permission.
Imam al-Shāfiʿī said: “The grave of Mūsā al-Kāẓim is the tried antidote.”
He was a refuge for Muslims during his life, and after his death he remained a stronghold for those who sought his intercession.
Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim in Brief:
Imam Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar, known as al-Kāẓim al-Ghayẓ, is the seventh Imam after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), one of the banners of divine guidance and a shining sun of knowledge for humanity. He is from the pure progeny whom the Prophet paired with the Qurʾān, making them guides and ships of salvation.
He was born at the end of the Umayyad era in 128 AH and lived through the collapse of that dynasty and the rise of the Abbasid rule. He lived under the care of his father al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) for two decades, drawing from his divine school. He witnessed the rule of al-Saffāḥ and then al-Manṣūr, who assassinated his father in 148 AH. He assumed the Imamate under perilous conditions.
He endured immense oppression under the Abbasids, culminating in his imprisonment and martyrdom by poisoning in the year 183 or 184 AH, on the 25th of Rajab.
The Assassination of Imam Mūsā al-Kāẓim (peace be upon him):
He endured chains, severe restriction, and isolation. Historians report that Hārūn al-Rashīd ordered al-Sindī ibn Shāhak to poison him. Dates laced with poison were given to the Imam, and after consuming them he suffered intense pain until his soul departed to its Creator.
He passed to the Highest Companion, and the world darkened with his loss, while the Hereafter was illuminated by his arrival. Peace be upon you, O son of the Messenger of Allah, on the day you were born, the day you were martyred, and the day you will be raised alive.
Source: Iʿlām al-Hidāya, vol. 9.
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